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Research · Machine learningIEEE VTC manuscript

UAV ISAC Scheduling

Learning a MILP optimiser with a Conv3D-LSTM network

In simple words

Teaches a neural network to plan what a drone does at each stop as well as a slow optimisation solver, but in a single fast pass.

per-waypoint accuracy
92.9%
per-waypoint accuracy
joint-mode recall (from 41%)
75%
joint-mode recall (from 41%)
MILP-labelled rows
1M+
MILP-labelled rows

Overview

Research at LNMIIT on integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) for UAVs: a sequence classifier that imitates a mixed-integer linear program deciding, at each of 15 waypoints, whether the UAV senses, communicates or does both.

How it works

UAV ISAC Scheduling architecture diagram

Key engineering decisions

1

Solver as the teacher

Running the MILP for every trajectory is too slow for real-time use, but it produces optimal labels. A randomized generator turned it into a dataset of 66K+ labelled trajectories.

2

Sequence model, not per-point classifier

A waypoint's best mode depends on its neighbours, so a 3-branch Conv3D–LSTM reads the whole trajectory. It lifted joint-mode recall from 41% (CNN baseline) to 75%.

3

Judged on physics, not just accuracy

Beyond accuracy, the sensing quality (Cramér–Rao bound) and communication CDFs of the model's schedules were compared with the MILP's and track them closely.

What I built

  • Extended a faculty-provided MILP (MATLAB intlinprog) into a randomized dataset generator that labels each of 15 UAV waypoints as sensing, communication or joint ISAC; generated 66K+ trajectories (1M+ rows).
  • Designed a 3-branch Conv3D–LSTM classifier in TensorFlow/Keras that imitates the MILP in one forward pass.
  • Reached 92.9% per-waypoint test accuracy on 60,690 unseen trajectories vs. 86.5% for a CNN baseline (joint-mode recall 41% to 75%); sensing (Cramér–Rao bound) and communication CDFs closely track the MILP.
  • Co-authored the manuscript, prepared for submission to the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC).